Stepping over the line: Technological constraints and the new cartography

Traditional cartography is seen as an optimal response to a highly constrained technology based largely on pen and paper. Although many of the conventions of manual cartography appear to be intelligent choices, they have nevertheless been made in an extremely restricted environment which imposes a limited view of reality. Early digital technology did little to broaden the constraints, and led cartography, map analysis and spatial analysis in different directions. More recent hardware and the results of intensive research have produced a digital cartography which can successfully emulate its analogue parent. However, its true potential lies in less conventional methods of analysis and display and in the degree to which it can escape its traditional constraints.