Potential of Escherichia coli isolated from nature to propagate cloning vectors [35]

Concern has been shown in the scientific community with regard to the potential risk that the transmission of foreign genes from Escherichia coli K12-cloning vector systems to other micro-organisms might represent¹. Because of this we have attempted to evaluate the frequency in nature of E. coli strains that can serve as recipients and/or hosts for genetic information harboured by various E. coli cloning vectors used in recombinant DNA research. We assumed that genetic transfer from E. coli K12 to other E. coli strains was more likely than to bacteria of other species or genera, and consequently examined natural E. coli isolates for traits that would reflect their ability to propagate and/or maintain cloning vectors. In particular, we were interested in assessing the role that transduction might have in the dissemination of cloned genetic information. We also wanted to determine whether naturally occurring strains could acquire and stably maintain phage λ derived cloning vectors that generally contain amber mutations in essential genes^2-4. By examining natural bacterial populations we attempted to evaluate the fitness of auxotrophic mutations that are generally introduced into E. coli K12 hosts used in recombinant DNA experiments. Therefore, we determined among natural isolates of E. coli frequency of strains exhibiting: (1) sensitivity to phages P1 and λ; (2) amber suppressor mutations; and (3) auxotrophic mutations. The results presented here allow an estimation of the feasibility and limitations of the successful spread among E. coli strains in nature of recombinant DNA molecules contained in particular E. coli K12 hosts.