Observed determinants of urban outdoor thermal exposure during hot summer and snowy winter periods in a humid continental climate

Timothy Aiello, E. Scott Krayenhoff, Ariane Middel, Jon Warland

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Many cities in the midlatitudes experience both extreme heat and cold, and pedestrians are exposed to thermal extremes that cause bodily stress. With growing urban populations, city design that contributes to mitigating summer heat while reducing winter cold exposure is increasingly important. Pedestrian thermal exposure depends on several microclimatic factors, including shortwave and longwave radiation absorption, which can be quantified by the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). Limited research has been conducted on the radiative components of thermal exposure in hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. We gathered micrometeorological data from diverse urban sites and in multiple seasons in Guelph, Canada, using a mobile human-biometeorological weather station (MaRTy cart) that applies the six-directional method to determine Tmrt. Seasonal datasets were analysed and compared to examine the drivers of thermal exposure and recommend strategies for mitigating heat and cold stress. In summer, shade is the primary factor that reduces daytime heat exposure and it slightly increases nighttime heat exposure. Enhanced pervious ground cover is a secondary factor day and night. In winter, reduced shade alleviated daytime cold exposure, while snow cover provided daytime benefits from increased solar reflections and post-sunset penalties associated with reduced longwave radiation from low snow surface temperatures.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number106019
JournalSustainable Cities and Society
Volume118
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2025

Keywords

  • Climate adaptation
  • Heat and cold stress
  • Mean radiant temperature
  • Microclimate
  • Pedestrian thermal comfort
  • Urban design

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Geography, Planning and Development
  • Civil and Structural Engineering
  • Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
  • Transportation

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