TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluid intake of children, adolescents and adults in Indonesia
T2 - results of the 2016 Liq.In7 national cross-sectional survey
AU - Laksmi, P. W.
AU - Morin, C.
AU - Gandy, J.
AU - Moreno, L. A.
AU - Kavouras, S. A.
AU - Martinez, H.
AU - Salas-Salvadó, J.
AU - Guelinckx, I.
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of interest CM and IG are full-time employees of Danone Research. JS-S, LAM, S.A.K, JG, HM are members of the advisory board on fluid intake for Danone Research, and have received consultancies of Danone Research. S.A.K. was a scientific consultant for Quest Diagnostics and has active research grants from Danone Research. J.S.-S. and LAM have received consultancies from Danone S.A. RP reports no conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, The Author(s).
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - Purpose: To report daily total fluid intake (TFI) and fluid types in Indonesia according to age, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and geographic region, and compare TFI with the Indonesian adequate fluid intake (AI) recommendations. Methods: Data were collected in 32 cities over nine regions from children (4–9 years, n = 388), adolescents, (10–17 years, n = 478) and adults (18–65 years, n = 2778) using a fluid intake 7-day record (Liq.In7); socio-economic status was also recorded. The 7-day mean TFIs were compared with the AI of water set by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Results: Total median fluid intakes for all age groups exceeded 2000 mL/day. At population level, TFI was associated with household income (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and Indonesian geographical regions (P < 0.001). More than 67% of participants met the AI of water from fluids. A higher percentage of children and adolescents met the AI (78 and 80%, respectively), compared with adults (72%). Drinking water was the main contributor to TFI in all age groups (76–81%). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were consumed by 62% children, 72% adolescents and 61% of adults. An SSB intake ≥ 1 serving per day was observed for 24% children, 41% adolescents and 33% adults. Conclusions: A high percentage of the population drank enough to meet the AI of water from fluids. Water was the most frequently consumed drink; however, many participants consumed at least one serving of SSB per day. This study provides data to help direct targeted intervention programs.
AB - Purpose: To report daily total fluid intake (TFI) and fluid types in Indonesia according to age, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and geographic region, and compare TFI with the Indonesian adequate fluid intake (AI) recommendations. Methods: Data were collected in 32 cities over nine regions from children (4–9 years, n = 388), adolescents, (10–17 years, n = 478) and adults (18–65 years, n = 2778) using a fluid intake 7-day record (Liq.In7); socio-economic status was also recorded. The 7-day mean TFIs were compared with the AI of water set by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Results: Total median fluid intakes for all age groups exceeded 2000 mL/day. At population level, TFI was associated with household income (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and Indonesian geographical regions (P < 0.001). More than 67% of participants met the AI of water from fluids. A higher percentage of children and adolescents met the AI (78 and 80%, respectively), compared with adults (72%). Drinking water was the main contributor to TFI in all age groups (76–81%). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were consumed by 62% children, 72% adolescents and 61% of adults. An SSB intake ≥ 1 serving per day was observed for 24% children, 41% adolescents and 33% adults. Conclusions: A high percentage of the population drank enough to meet the AI of water from fluids. Water was the most frequently consumed drink; however, many participants consumed at least one serving of SSB per day. This study provides data to help direct targeted intervention programs.
KW - Beverages
KW - Fluid intake
KW - Hydration
KW - Indonesia
KW - Liq.In
KW - Water
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U2 - 10.1007/s00394-018-1740-z
DO - 10.1007/s00394-018-1740-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 29923119
AN - SCOPUS:85048464075
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 57
SP - 89
EP - 100
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
ER -