@article{e5cf7597bc974639badd253b6a538c1b,
title = "Fine Ash-Bearing Particles as a Major Aerosol Component in Biomass Burning Smoke",
abstract = "Biomass burning (BB) events are occurring globally with increasing frequency, and their emissions are having more impacts on human health and climate. Large ash particles are recognized as a BB product with major influences on soil and water environments. However, fine-ash particles, which have diameters smaller than several microns and characteristic morphologies and compositions (mainly Ca and Mg carbonates), have not yet been explicitly considered as a major BB aerosol component either in field observations or climate models. This study measured BB aerosol samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ion chromatography during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. We show that significant amounts of fine ash-bearing particles are transported >100 km from their fire sources. Our environmental chamber experiments suggest that they can act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. We also found considerable amounts of fine ash-bearing particles in the TEM samples collected during previous campaigns (Biomass Burning Observation Project and Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations). These ash particles are commonly mixed with organic matter and make up ∼8% and 5% of BB smoke by number and mass, respectively, in samples collected during the FIREX-AQ campaign. The measured ash-mass concentrations are approximately five times and six times greater than those of BB black carbon and potassium, respectively, scaling to an estimated global emission of 11.6 Tg yr−1 with a range of 8.8–16.3 Tg yr−1. Better characterization and constraints on these fine ash-bearing particles will improve BB aerosol measurements and strengthen assessments of BB impacts on human health and climate.",
keywords = "Biomass burning, FIREX-AQ, aerosol, ash, climate, transmission electron microscopy",
author = "Kouji Adachi and Dibb, {Jack E.} and Eric Scheuer and Katich, {Joseph M.} and Schwarz, {Joshua P.} and Perring, {Anne E.} and Braden Mediavilla and Hongyu Guo and Pedro Campuzano-Jost and Jimenez, {Jose L.} and James Crawford and Soja, {Amber J.} and Naga Oshima and Mizuo Kajino and Takeshi Kinase and Lawrence Kleinman and Sedlacek, {Arthur J.} and Yokelson, {Robert J.} and Buseck, {Peter R.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the science team members, supporting staff, and the pilots and flight staff of the research aircraft for FIREX-AQ (NASA DC8), BBOP (DOE G-1), and MILAGRO (Forest Service Twin Otter). The authors thank Duli Chand and John Hubbe (PNNL) for the G-1 sampling. The BBOP campaign was supported by the ARM user facility, a US DOE Office of Science user facility managed by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The MILAGRO campaign was supported by the NSF grant 0513055. KA, NO, and MK thank the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20202003, JPMEERF20205001, JPMEERF20172003, JPMEERF20215003, and JPMEERF20165005) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, the Global Environmental Research Coordination System from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MLIT1753), the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI program (grant numbers JP16K16188, JP18H03363, JP18H05292, JP19H01972, JP19H04236, JP19K21905, and JP19H04259) for financial support. This study was also supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0124, 80NSSC18K0630 (HG, PCJ, and JLJ), and 80NSSC18K0631 (ES and JED) and by NOAA Grant NA16OAR4310100 (RJY). Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the science team members, supporting staff, and the pilots and flight staff of the research aircraft for FIREX‐AQ (NASA DC8), BBOP (DOE G‐1), and MILAGRO (Forest Service Twin Otter). The authors thank Duli Chand and John Hubbe (PNNL) for the G‐1 sampling. The BBOP campaign was supported by the ARM user facility, a US DOE Office of Science user facility managed by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The MILAGRO campaign was supported by the NSF grant 0513055. KA, NO, and MK thank the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20202003, JPMEERF20205001, JPMEERF20172003, JPMEERF20215003, and JPMEERF20165005) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, the Global Environmental Research Coordination System from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MLIT1753), the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI program (grant numbers JP16K16188, JP18H03363, JP18H05292, JP19H01972, JP19H04236, JP19K21905, and JP19H04259) for financial support. This study was also supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0124, 80NSSC18K0630 (HG, PCJ, and JLJ), and 80NSSC18K0631 (ES and JED) and by NOAA Grant NA16OAR4310100 (RJY). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1029/2021JD035657",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "127",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
issn = "2169-897X",
number = "2",
}