TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate
T2 - Fundamentals to full-scale water treatment applications
AU - GARCIA SEGURA, Sergio
AU - Lanzarini-Lopes, Mariana
AU - Hristovski, Kiril
AU - Westerhoff, Paul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/11/15
Y1 - 2018/11/15
N2 - Nitrate contamination in surface and ground waters is one of this century's major engineering challenges due to negative environmental impacts and the risk to human health in drinking water. Electrochemical reduction is a promising water treatment technology to manage nitrate in drinking water. This critical review describes the fundamental principles necessary to understand electrochemical reduction technologies and how to apply them. The focus is on electrochemical nitrate reduction mechanisms and pathways that form undesirable products (nitrite, ammonium) or the more desirable product (dinitrogen). Factors influencing the conversion rates and selectivity of electrochemical nitrate reduction, such as electrode material and operating parameters, are also described. Finally, the applicability for treating drinking water matrices using electrochemical processes is analyzed, including existing implementation of commercial treatment systems. Overall, this critical review contributes to the understanding of the potential applications and constraints of electrochemical reduction to manage nitrate in drinking waters and highlights directions for future research required for implementation.
AB - Nitrate contamination in surface and ground waters is one of this century's major engineering challenges due to negative environmental impacts and the risk to human health in drinking water. Electrochemical reduction is a promising water treatment technology to manage nitrate in drinking water. This critical review describes the fundamental principles necessary to understand electrochemical reduction technologies and how to apply them. The focus is on electrochemical nitrate reduction mechanisms and pathways that form undesirable products (nitrite, ammonium) or the more desirable product (dinitrogen). Factors influencing the conversion rates and selectivity of electrochemical nitrate reduction, such as electrode material and operating parameters, are also described. Finally, the applicability for treating drinking water matrices using electrochemical processes is analyzed, including existing implementation of commercial treatment systems. Overall, this critical review contributes to the understanding of the potential applications and constraints of electrochemical reduction to manage nitrate in drinking waters and highlights directions for future research required for implementation.
KW - Cathodic reduction
KW - Electrochemical processes
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Nitrogen cycle
KW - Water treatment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.041
DO - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.041
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85047249388
SN - 0926-3373
VL - 236
SP - 546
EP - 568
JO - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
JF - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
ER -