Design of a 1-MHz high-efficiency high-power-density bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC converter for electric vehicles

Peiwen He; Ayan Mallik; Arun Sankar; Alireza Khaligh

doi:10.1109/TVT.2018.2881276

Design of a 1-MHz high-efficiency high-power-density bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC converter for electric vehicles

Peiwen He, Ayan Mallik, Arun Sankar, Alireza Khaligh

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

92 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper, a bidirectional CLLC converter operating at MHz-level switching frequency is proposed to achieve high power density and high efficiency. An optimized stacked printed circuit board winding based planar transformer with adjustable leakage inductance is modeled and designed for the proposed converter. It is enabled using gallium nitride devices to achieve fast switching with low switching losses. A detailed power loss model is established for the efficient thermal design of the converter. A proof-of-concept hardware of 3.3 kW, 400-450 V_DC input, 250-420 V_DC output CLLC converter with 1 MHz operating frequency is built and tested over a wide range of loading conditions. The power density of the system is 9.22 W/cm³ (151.1 W/in³) and the peak efficiency achieves over 97%.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	8534460
Pages (from-to)	213-223
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Volume	68
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2018.2881276
State	Published - Jan 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Bidirectional
CLLC
DC-DC conversion
MHz
electric vehicle
high power density
planar transformer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Automotive Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Applied Mathematics

Access to Document

10.1109/TVT.2018.2881276

Cite this

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title = "Design of a 1-MHz high-efficiency high-power-density bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC converter for electric vehicles",

abstract = "In this paper, a bidirectional CLLC converter operating at MHz-level switching frequency is proposed to achieve high power density and high efficiency. An optimized stacked printed circuit board winding based planar transformer with adjustable leakage inductance is modeled and designed for the proposed converter. It is enabled using gallium nitride devices to achieve fast switching with low switching losses. A detailed power loss model is established for the efficient thermal design of the converter. A proof-of-concept hardware of 3.3 kW, 400-450 VDC input, 250-420 VDC output CLLC converter with 1 MHz operating frequency is built and tested over a wide range of loading conditions. The power density of the system is 9.22 W/cm3 (151.1 W/in3) and the peak efficiency achieves over 97%.",

keywords = "Bidirectional, CLLC, DC-DC conversion, MHz, electric vehicle, high power density, planar transformer",

author = "Peiwen He and Ayan Mallik and Arun Sankar and Alireza Khaligh",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received June 26, 2018; revised October 3, 2018; accepted November 6, 2018. Date of publication November 14, 2018; date of current version January 15, 2019. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants 1507546 and 1602012. The review of this paper was coordinated by Dr. B. Akin. (Corresponding author: Alireza Khaligh.) The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA (e-mail:, phe@ terpmail.umd.edu; mallik@umd.edu; arunsu@umd.edu; khaligh@ece.umd. edu). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1967-2012 IEEE.",

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language = "English (US)",

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AU - Khaligh, Alireza

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received June 26, 2018; revised October 3, 2018; accepted November 6, 2018. Date of publication November 14, 2018; date of current version January 15, 2019. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants 1507546 and 1602012. The review of this paper was coordinated by Dr. B. Akin. (Corresponding author: Alireza Khaligh.) The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA (e-mail:, phe@ terpmail.umd.edu; mallik@umd.edu; arunsu@umd.edu; khaligh@ece.umd. edu). Publisher Copyright: © 1967-2012 IEEE.

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N2 - In this paper, a bidirectional CLLC converter operating at MHz-level switching frequency is proposed to achieve high power density and high efficiency. An optimized stacked printed circuit board winding based planar transformer with adjustable leakage inductance is modeled and designed for the proposed converter. It is enabled using gallium nitride devices to achieve fast switching with low switching losses. A detailed power loss model is established for the efficient thermal design of the converter. A proof-of-concept hardware of 3.3 kW, 400-450 VDC input, 250-420 VDC output CLLC converter with 1 MHz operating frequency is built and tested over a wide range of loading conditions. The power density of the system is 9.22 W/cm3 (151.1 W/in3) and the peak efficiency achieves over 97%.

AB - In this paper, a bidirectional CLLC converter operating at MHz-level switching frequency is proposed to achieve high power density and high efficiency. An optimized stacked printed circuit board winding based planar transformer with adjustable leakage inductance is modeled and designed for the proposed converter. It is enabled using gallium nitride devices to achieve fast switching with low switching losses. A detailed power loss model is established for the efficient thermal design of the converter. A proof-of-concept hardware of 3.3 kW, 400-450 VDC input, 250-420 VDC output CLLC converter with 1 MHz operating frequency is built and tested over a wide range of loading conditions. The power density of the system is 9.22 W/cm3 (151.1 W/in3) and the peak efficiency achieves over 97%.

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Design of a 1-MHz high-efficiency high-power-density bidirectional GaN-Based CLLC converter for electric vehicles

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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