@article{5634425c71e2425982c8f6a5d70fa395,
title = "China's innovation policies: Evolution, institutional structure, and trajectory",
abstract = "China has transformed itself from a planning to a market-oriented economy over the past three decades and has sustained a fairly long period of rapid economic growth, to which the contributions from innovation in science and technology (S&T) have become increasingly important. Then, how have China's innovation policies evolved to reflect the changing and supposedly better understanding of innovation by China's policy makers? The paper tries to answer this question through a quantitative analysis of 287 policies issued by China's central government agencies between 1980 and 2005 and of 79 policies introduced between 2006 and 2008 to implement the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology (2006-2020). China has shifted its S&T and industrial policy-centered innovation strategy and has pursued a series of better coordinated, innovation-oriented economic and technology initiatives that give greater attention to a portfolio of policies that include critical financial, tax, and fiscal measures. There has been a gradual departure from the pattern in which innovation policies are formulated by one single government agency, therefore steering China to a different and probably more promising innovation trajectory.",
keywords = "China, Evolution, Innovation policies, Institution, State",
author = "Liu, {Feng Chao} and Simon, {Denis Fred} and Sun, {Yu Tao} and Cong Cao",
note = "Funding Information: Across the MLP implementation policies, 37 can be placed in the S&T policy category, accounting for 46.8% of the total. This suggests that even within the high profile MLP, one of the key problems facing China's innovation programs – the centrality of S&T policy as the principal instrument for driving China's innovation agenda – has not been resolved. With regard to investment in S&T, one policy calls for better management of the funding aspects of the national S&T programs such as the 863 Program, the State Basic Research and Development Program, also known as the 973 Program, and the State Key Technologies R&D Program, all under MOST. S&T policy also includes a new emphasis on talent issues, including attraction of high-end talent from overseas, post-doctoral fellowships, continuous education for professionals, the nurturing of practitioners in rural areas, and so on. Closely related to the talent issue is the issue of education, where policies have been formulated on sending students and scholars abroad using government funds, enhancing research-oriented universities, supporting key disciplines, and opening of institutions of learning to society for the purpose of popularization. National engineering centers and laboratories, nationally certified enterprise engineering centers, certification of university high-tech parks at the national level, and key national laboratories established at transformed R&D institutes are among the key foci regarding the infrastructure for supporting S&T advance and innovation. Funding Information: The research on which the paper is based has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant #70773014 and #70973012 ) and the China Scholarship Council . The authors also want to thank Richard P. Suttmeier and anonymous referees for comments affecting the final text.",
year = "2011",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "40",
pages = "917--931",
journal = "Research Policy",
issn = "0048-7333",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "7",
}