TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical speciation of PM2.5 and PM10 in South Phoenix, AZ
AU - Upadhyay, Nabin
AU - Clements, Andrea
AU - Fraser, Matthew
AU - Herckes, Pierre
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) for the funding of the project and collecting samples. The statements and conclusions in this paper are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of ADEQ or its policy committee, its employees, or its members. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. The authors thank Panjai Prapa-ipong at Arizona State University for her assistance with ICP-MS analysis.
PY - 2011/3
Y1 - 2011/3
N2 - Phoenix, AZ, experiences high particulate matter (PM) episodes, especially in the wintertime. The spatial variation of the PM concentrations and resulting differences in exposure is of particular concern. In this study, PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter >2.5 μm) and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter >10 μm) samples were collected simultaneously from the east and west sides of South Phoenix and at a control site in Tempe and analyzed for trace elements and bulk elemental and organic carbon. Measurements showed that although PM2.5 concentrations had similar trends in temporal scale across all sites, concentrations of PM10 did not. The difference in PM10 concentrations and fluctuation across the three sites suggest effects of a local soil source as evidenced by high concentrations of Al, Ca, and Fe in PM10. K and anthropogenic elements (e.g., Cu, Pb, and Zn) in PM2.5 samples on January 1 were strikingly high, suggesting the influence of New Year's fireworks. Concentrations of toxic elements (e.g., Pb) in the study presented here are not different from similar studies in other U.S. cities. Application of principal component analysis indicated two broad categories of emission sources-soil and combustion- together accounting for 80 and 90% of variance, respectively, in PM2.5 and PM10. The soil and combustion components explained approximately 60 and 30% of the variance in PM10, respectively, whereas combustion sources dominated PM2.5 (>50% variance). Many elements associated with anthropogenic sources were highly enriched, with enrichment factors in PM2.5 an order of magnitude higher than in PM10 relative to surface soil composition in the study area.
AB - Phoenix, AZ, experiences high particulate matter (PM) episodes, especially in the wintertime. The spatial variation of the PM concentrations and resulting differences in exposure is of particular concern. In this study, PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter >2.5 μm) and PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter >10 μm) samples were collected simultaneously from the east and west sides of South Phoenix and at a control site in Tempe and analyzed for trace elements and bulk elemental and organic carbon. Measurements showed that although PM2.5 concentrations had similar trends in temporal scale across all sites, concentrations of PM10 did not. The difference in PM10 concentrations and fluctuation across the three sites suggest effects of a local soil source as evidenced by high concentrations of Al, Ca, and Fe in PM10. K and anthropogenic elements (e.g., Cu, Pb, and Zn) in PM2.5 samples on January 1 were strikingly high, suggesting the influence of New Year's fireworks. Concentrations of toxic elements (e.g., Pb) in the study presented here are not different from similar studies in other U.S. cities. Application of principal component analysis indicated two broad categories of emission sources-soil and combustion- together accounting for 80 and 90% of variance, respectively, in PM2.5 and PM10. The soil and combustion components explained approximately 60 and 30% of the variance in PM10, respectively, whereas combustion sources dominated PM2.5 (>50% variance). Many elements associated with anthropogenic sources were highly enriched, with enrichment factors in PM2.5 an order of magnitude higher than in PM10 relative to surface soil composition in the study area.
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U2 - 10.3155/1047-3289.61.3.302
DO - 10.3155/1047-3289.61.3.302
M3 - Article
C2 - 21416757
AN - SCOPUS:79953771709
SN - 1096-2247
VL - 61
SP - 302
EP - 310
JO - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
JF - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
IS - 3
ER -