Association between total, regional and organ fat and type 2 diabetes risk factors among Latino youth: A longitudinal study

Eyitayo O. Owolabi, Micah L. Olson, Houchun H. Hu, Armando Peña, Janiel L. Pimentel, Keenan A. Pituch, Smita S. Bailey, Gabriel Q. Shaibi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: To examine whether within-person changes in total, regional and organ fat were associated with within-person changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related biomarkers following interventions. Methods: A secondary analysis from a randomised trial among Latino youth (30 males, 25 females) aged 12–16 years with obesity. The study sample combined participants randomised to either lifestyle intervention (N = 39) or usual care (N = 16). Total body composition was assessed by DEXA. Hepatic and pancreatic fat fractions were assessed using MRI. T2D risk factors included insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and post-challenge glucose. Results: Significant changes in %body fat, lean mass, insulin sensitivity and 2-h glucose were observed. Changes in fat mass were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity (β = −0.45, p < 0.001), while changes in lean mass were associated with changes in 2-h glucose concentrations (β = −0.50, p = 0.02). No association between changes in total, regional, or organ fat and beta cell function were noted. Conclusions: Our study revealed that within-person changes in fat mass and lean mass were associated with increased insulin sensitivity and reduced 2-h glucose concentrations, respectively, among high-risk Latino youth. The impact of reductions in regional and organ fat deposition on T2D risk factors warrants further examination.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere13185
JournalPediatric Obesity
Volume20
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2025

Keywords

  • beta cell function
  • ectopic fat
  • insulin resistance
  • obesity
  • paediatrics
  • type 2 diabetes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Health Policy
  • Nutrition and Dietetics
  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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