TY - JOUR
T1 - Aggregation phenomena in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals
AU - Mrad, Lidia
AU - Zhao, Longhua
AU - Español, Malena I.
AU - Xu, Ling
AU - Calderer, M. Carme
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - We study the aggregation phenomenon in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals as the molecular concentration changes and condensing agents are added into the system. Using properties of the critical points of the Oseen–Frank energy of a nematic liquid crystal, combined with the geometric constraints of the hexagonal columnar chromonic phases, we show that the minimizers of the total energy are topologically equivalent to tori, in agreement with available experimental evidence on chromonic liquid crystals and DNA condensates, in viral capsids as well as in free solution. We model the system as bi-phasic, consisting of liquid crystal molecules and water, and postulate the total energy as the sum of the Flory–Huggins energy of mixing together with the bending and surface tension contributions of the liquid crystal. Two types of problems are considered, one related to finding the optimal shape of a torus, once the phase separation has occurred, and the second one that models the conditions leading to molecular aggregation. This work follows recent experimental investigations, but without addressing the topological properties of the toroidal nuclei observed and focusing on how the liquid crystal order competes with the aggregation phenomenon.
AB - We study the aggregation phenomenon in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals as the molecular concentration changes and condensing agents are added into the system. Using properties of the critical points of the Oseen–Frank energy of a nematic liquid crystal, combined with the geometric constraints of the hexagonal columnar chromonic phases, we show that the minimizers of the total energy are topologically equivalent to tori, in agreement with available experimental evidence on chromonic liquid crystals and DNA condensates, in viral capsids as well as in free solution. We model the system as bi-phasic, consisting of liquid crystal molecules and water, and postulate the total energy as the sum of the Flory–Huggins energy of mixing together with the bending and surface tension contributions of the liquid crystal. Two types of problems are considered, one related to finding the optimal shape of a torus, once the phase separation has occurred, and the second one that models the conditions leading to molecular aggregation. This work follows recent experimental investigations, but without addressing the topological properties of the toroidal nuclei observed and focusing on how the liquid crystal order competes with the aggregation phenomenon.
KW - Chromonic liquid crystals
KW - Flory–Huggins energy
KW - Oseen–Frank energy
KW - Toroidal nuclei
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147855121&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85147855121&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cnsns.2023.107139
DO - 10.1016/j.cnsns.2023.107139
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147855121
SN - 1007-5704
VL - 120
JO - Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
JF - Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
M1 - 107139
ER -