A socio-ecological analysis of the causes of behavior in sport: perspectives of parents, coaches, and staff

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore what influences, across a socio-ecological spectrum, shape positive and negative behavior in youth recreational sport leagues. Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed, involving focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 16 participants, including parents, coaches, and recreation staff from a large recreational youth basketball league. Data were analyzed using a modified thematic analysis guided by socio-ecological theory. Findings: The analysis revealed that behavior is shaped by multiple interconnected factors across the socio-ecological spectrum. Coaches were pivotal in setting behavioral norms, while inconsistent implementation of behavior initiatives limited their effectiveness. Community-level influences, including social norms and the behavior of professional athletes, significantly impacted expectations and conduct. Practical Implications: Behavioral initiatives must address systemic influences and ensure consistent implementation to enhance their efficacy. Community-level interventions and targeted training for coaches and officials can help establish and reinforce positive behavioral norms. Research Contribution: This study expands the application of socio-ecological theory to youth sport by incorporating underexplored factors, such as organizational fidelity and community influences, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding behavior. Originality/Value: By integrating individual, organizational, and community perspectives, this research offers novel insights into addressing poor behavior in youth sports and improving behavior initiatives.